The zipper, commonly called a zip, is today an everyday object, found on jeans, bags, coats, or even shoes. It is so widespread that we almost forget it was the result of a patient invention, the fruit of several attempts before becoming established.
The first experiments date back to the 19th century. In 1851, the concept emerged for the first time when Elias Howe, the inventor of the sewing machine, filed a patent for an “automatic clothing closure device.” But his idea went nowhere: the time was not yet ripe, and his system was considered too complex.
A few decades later, in 1891, an American engineer, Whitcomb Judson, imagined a “sliding fastener” system, mainly intended for shoes. He presented it at the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. But this prototype, unreliable and difficult to use, failed to achieve commercial success.
The real turning point came in 1913, thanks to Gideon Sundback, a Swedish engineer who had emigrated to the United States. By improving Judson’s model, he developed a more practical mechanism: two strips of fabric fitted with metal teeth that interlock using a slider. Sundback filed his patent in 1917, and his invention quickly became the first functional zipper. Continue reading →